Alpha-fetoprotein, AFP

Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein produced by the fetal liver, yolk sac, and gastrointestinal tract during pregnancy. It is normally present in the maternal blood at low levels, but elevated levels can indicate certain conditions or disorders.

Structure and Functions of AFP

AFP is a single-chain polypeptide consisting of 591 amino acids. Its structure is similar to that of albumin, a protein found in blood plasma. AFP has several functions, including:

• Regulation of fetal development and growth
• Transport of various molecules, including fatty acids, hormones, and bilirubin
• Immunoregulatory effects

After birth, the levels of AFP in the blood typically decrease rapidly. In adults, small amounts of AFP may be produced by the liver, gastrointestinal tract, and certain tumor cells.

The Role of AFP in Diagnostics

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein produced during fetal development and plays a crucial role in various diagnostic procedures. It is primarily used to screen for certain congenital abnormalities and monitor the progression of specific conditions.

Indications for AFP Testing

AFP testing is recommended in the following situations:

• Prenatal screening for neural tube defects: Elevated AFP levels in the mother's blood or amniotic fluid can indicate neural tube defects, such as spina bifida or anencephaly, in the developing fetus.
• Monitoring of certain cancers: AFP levels are often elevated in some types of cancer, including liver cancer, germ cell tumors, and certain types of ovarian and testicular cancers. Regular monitoring of AFP levels can help in the detection, staging, and monitoring of these cancers.
• Evaluation of liver diseases: Elevated AFP levels may be observed in cases of acute or chronic liver diseases, such as hepatitis or cirrhosis.

Preparation for the Test

The preparation for the AFP (Alpha-Fetoprotein) test is relatively simple and does not require extensive measures. However, there are a few recommendations to consider:

• Fasting: In most cases, blood can be drawn for the AFP test whether you are fasting or not. However, in some situations (e.g., for comprehensive blood tests), you may need to fast for 8-12 hours before the blood draw.
• Avoid physical exertion: Avoid strenuous physical activity the day before the test, as it may affect the test results.
• Abstain from alcohol and smoking: Refrain from consuming alcohol and smoking for at least 24 hours before the test, as these activities can influence the AFP levels and other blood parameters.
• Stay hydrated: Maintain proper hydration to facilitate the blood draw process. Dehydration can make the vein puncture more difficult.
• Inform about medications: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, as some drugs can affect the AFP levels and other blood test results.

Test Procedure

The blood sample for the AFP test is typically drawn from a vein in the arm's bend area. The procedure takes a few minutes and is performed by a healthcare professional. After the venipuncture, you may experience minor bleeding or bruising, which usually resolves on its own within a few days.

Sources:

https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/alpha-fetoprotein-afp-test/
https://www.stanfordchildrens.org/en/topic/default?id=alpha-fetoprotein-afp-screening-test-90-P02426
https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/alpha-fetoprotein-afp

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience pain or a flare-up of a condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for diagnostic tests and appropriate treatment. Only a qualified specialist can provide an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment. To obtain the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them performed at the same laboratory. This is because different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.