Video-EEG monitoring, standard protocol, 20 min
EEG (Electroencephalogram)
We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.
An electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive diagnostic test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. It is used to evaluate various neurological conditions, including epilepsy, sleep disorders, brain injuries, and brain disorders.
Structure and Function of EEG
During an EEG test, small electrodes are attached to the scalp using a conductive paste or cap. These electrodes detect and amplify the electrical signals generated by the brain cells (neurons) and record them on a computer or paper. The patterns of brain waves are then analyzed by a trained healthcare professional.
The brain's electrical activity is organized into different frequency bands, known as delta, theta, alpha, beta, and gamma waves. Each frequency band is associated with different levels of brain activity and mental states, such as deep sleep, relaxation, or active thinking.
| Wave Type | Frequency Range (Hz) | Associated State |
|---|---|---|
| Delta | 0.5 - 4 | Deep sleep, unconscious states |
| Theta | 4 - 8 | Light sleep, meditation |
| Alpha | 8 - 13 | Relaxation, calmness |
| Beta | 13 - 30 | Focused attention, active thinking |
| Gamma | 30 - 100 | Higher cognitive functions |
The distribution and patterns of these brain waves can provide valuable insights into brain function, allowing healthcare professionals to diagnose and monitor neurological conditions.
Role of EEG
Electroencephalography (EEG) is a diagnostic test that measures and records the electrical activity of the brain. It plays a crucial role in evaluating brain function and diagnosing various neurological conditions. EEG is particularly useful in detecting abnormalities in the brain's electrical patterns, which can indicate disorders such as epilepsy, sleep disorders, brain injuries, and certain neurological diseases.
Indications for EEG Testing
EEG testing is recommended in several situations to help diagnose and monitor neurological conditions. The primary indications for EEG testing include:
- Epilepsy and seizure disorders: EEG is used to diagnose epilepsy and characterize the type of seizures a patient is experiencing. It can help identify the location and patterns of abnormal brain activity associated with seizures.
- Head injuries and brain trauma: EEG can help assess the extent of brain damage and monitor recovery after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) or stroke.
- Neurological disorders: EEG may be ordered to evaluate conditions such as brain tumors, encephalopathies (brain dysfunction), and certain neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease.
- Sleep disorders: EEG is often used in sleep studies to diagnose sleep disorders like sleep apnea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias (abnormal behaviors during sleep).
- Monitoring brain function: EEG can be used to assess brain activity during surgical procedures, coma, or other altered states of consciousness.
Preparation for the EEG Procedure
The preparation for an EEG (electroencephalogram) procedure is relatively simple and does not require extensive measures. However, there are a few recommendations to keep in mind:
- Avoid caffeine and nicotine: It is recommended to abstain from consuming caffeine (found in coffee, tea, and certain soft drinks) and nicotine (from smoking or vaping) for at least 4-6 hours before the EEG, as they can affect brain activity and potentially influence the results.
- Wash hair: It is advisable to wash your hair and avoid using hair products, such as gels or sprays, on the day of the EEG, as these can interfere with the electrode placement and signal quality.
- Medication management: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are currently taking, as some medications can affect brain activity and the EEG results.
- Adequate sleep: Getting a good night's sleep before the EEG is recommended, as sleep deprivation can alter brain wave patterns and potentially impact the results.
EEG Procedure
During the EEG procedure, small electrodes will be attached to your scalp using a conductive paste or adhesive. These electrodes are connected to an EEG machine, which records the electrical activity of your brain. The procedure is painless, and you will be asked to relax and follow simple instructions, such as opening and closing your eyes or performing certain tasks. The duration of the EEG can vary, but it typically takes 30 minutes to an hour.
Sources:
https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/neurologic-tests-and-procedures/electroencephalography-eeg
https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/eeg/about/pac-20393875
https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/treatment-tests-and-therapies/electroencephalogram-eeg
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography
https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-is-an-eeg-test-and-what-is-it-used-for-3014879
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroencephalography
https://www.britannica.com/science/electroencephalography
https://www.healthline.com/health/eeg
IMPORTANT!
It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any symptoms or a flare-up of a condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnostic tests and treatment recommendations. Only a qualified specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment. To ensure the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have tests performed at the same laboratory. This is because different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.
