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<p style="text-align: justify;">Alpha-lactalbumin&nbsp;(ALA) is one of the major allergens in Cow&rsquo;s milk and represents about 25% of Lactoserum (Whey) proteins and approximately 5% of Cow&rsquo;s milk protein.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Human and Bovine milk differ substantially in the ratio of Whey to Casein protein (approximately 60:40 in human milk, and approximately 20:80 in Bovine milk) and in the proportions of specific proteins. Although current infant formulas closely mimic the ratio of total Whey to Casein in human milk, the concentration of ALA (the dominant whey protein in human milk) is relatively low in formula, whereas Beta-lactoglobulin, a protein not found in human milk, is the most dominant Whey protein in formula. During ALA&rsquo;s digestion, peptides appear to be transiently formed that have antibacterial and immunostimulatory properties, thereby possibly aiding in the protection against infection. A novel folding variant (&ldquo;molten globule state&rdquo;) of multimeric ALA has recently been discovered that has anti-infective activity and enhances apoptosis, thus possibly affecting mucosal cell turnover and proliferation. Cow&rsquo;s milk also contains ALA, albeit less than human milk (2-5% of total protein in Bovine milk), and protein fractions enriched with ALA may now be added to infant formula to provide some of the benefits of human ALA. Recently, Whey sources with elevated concentrations of ALA have become available, which has permitted the development of formulas with increased concentrations of this protein and decreased concentrations of Beta-lactoglobulin.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Alpha-Lactalbumin, is a 14.2 kDa protein.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">ALA is a monomeric globular calcium binding protein with a molecular weight of about 14 kDa and 4 disulfide bridges, representing about 25% of Lactoserum (Whey) proteins. The protein is stabilised by 4 disulfide bonds and contains 2 structural domains. One of these domains (the alpha-domain) is rich in alpha-helix. The other domain (the beta-domain) is rich in beta-sheet, has 2 disulfide bonds, and includes 1 calcium binding site.</p><ul><li style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; padding-left: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.45rem; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem;">Postpone the process of testing immediately after paraclinical studies (roentgen, TC, MRI) and physiotherapy procedures. They can affect test results.</li></ul><ul><li style="box-sizing: border-box; position: relative; padding-left: 1.25rem; margin-bottom: 0.45rem; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5rem;">We recommend avoiding physical activity prior to your examination.</li></ul>