Antiphospholipid antibodies, Ig M

The antiphospholipid antibodies test is used to detect certain phospholipid-binding proteins produced by the body against its own tissues as a result of an autoimmune reaction to phospholipids. Antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), increased risk of miscarriage, preterm birth, and preeclampsia (late pregnancy toxemia). Elevated levels of these antibodies increase the risk of blood clot formation (thrombosis), which may lead to stroke or myocardial infarction.

This test is necessary to identify specific phospholipid-binding proteins produced during an autoimmune response. Phospholipids are essential components of cells, forming part of cell membranes and platelets. They are lipid molecules that play a key role in blood coagulation, although the exact mechanism of their involvement is not yet fully understood.

Antiphospholipid antibodies increase the risk of coagulation disorders and thrombus formation in arteries and veins, potentially leading to strokes and heart attacks.

These antibodies are also associated with thrombocytopenia, recurrent miscarriages (especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy), preterm delivery, and late pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia.

The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies is part of a clinical condition known as antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), also referred to as Hughes–Stovin syndrome. APS is characterized by thrombosis, obstetric complications (miscarriages, recurrent pregnancy loss), and thrombocytopenia. APS may be associated with other autoimmune diseases, particularly systemic lupus erythematosus (secondary APS), or may occur independently (primary APS).

However, antiphospholipid antibodies may also be detected in other conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus, HIV infection, certain types of cancer, or as a result of medication use (e.g., phenothiazines, procainamide). Therefore, testing for anticardiolipin antibodies is considered an additional diagnostic tool, and their presence alone is not sufficient for diagnosing APS. Diagnosis must be comprehensive and based on multiple clinical and laboratory criteria.

Nutrition

• Blood samples are collected after fasting.
• The last meal should be consumed at least 8 hours before visiting the laboratory.
• Do not smoke for at least one hour prior to blood collection.

Recommendations

• Avoid physical exertion before the test.
• During sample collection (10–20 minutes), try to remain relaxed.
• Postpone blood collection immediately after imaging procedures (X-ray, CT, MRI) or physiotherapy, as these may affect test results.
• We recommend you to avoid strenuous activities before testing. During 10-20 minutes - during the collection of the analysis, try to relax.
• Postpone the tests immediately after paraclinical studies (roentgen, TC, MRI) and physiotherapy procedures. They can affect test results.