Carbohydrate antigen, СА 125

CA 125

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

CA 125 (Cancer Antigen 125) is a protein that is found on the surface of certain cells in the body, including ovarian cancer cells. It is primarily used as a tumor marker for monitoring the progression of ovarian cancer and detecting recurrence after treatment.

Function and Significance of CA 125

CA 125 is not a specific marker for ovarian cancer, as it can also be elevated in other conditions such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and even during menstruation or pregnancy. However, it is particularly useful in monitoring the treatment response and detecting recurrence in patients with ovarian cancer.

High levels of CA 125 may indicate the presence of ovarian cancer, but further diagnostic tests are required to confirm the diagnosis. Conversely, low levels of CA 125 do not necessarily rule out the presence of ovarian cancer, as some types of ovarian tumors do not produce elevated levels of this marker.

Table 1: CA 125 and Its Potential Sources

It is important to note that CA 125 levels should be interpreted in the context of a patient's medical history, physical examination, and other diagnostic tests. Elevated levels alone do not necessarily indicate the presence of cancer, and further evaluation by a healthcare professional is necessary.

The Role of CA 125

CA 125 is a protein that is often elevated in ovarian cancer and other gynecological cancers. It plays a crucial role in monitoring the progression of these cancers and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. However, it's important to note that elevated CA 125 levels can also occur in certain non-cancerous conditions, such as endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, and menstruation.

Indications for CA 125 Testing

The CA 125 test may be ordered in the following situations:

• Ovarian cancer screening: CA 125 levels can be used as a screening tool for ovarian cancer, particularly in high-risk individuals or those with symptoms suggestive of ovarian cancer.
• Monitoring ovarian cancer treatment: CA 125 levels are often monitored during and after treatment for ovarian cancer to assess the effectiveness of therapy and detect any recurrence.
• Evaluating pelvic masses: Elevated CA 125 levels may indicate the presence of a pelvic mass, such as an ovarian cyst or tumor, and can help guide further diagnostic testing.
• Monitoring other gynecological conditions: CA 125 levels can be elevated in certain non-cancerous conditions, such as endometriosis or pelvic inflammatory disease, and the test may be used to monitor the progression or response to treatment of these conditions.

Preparation for the CA-125 Analysis Procedure

The procedure for giving a blood sample to determine the CA-125 level is relatively simple and does not require special preparation measures. However, there are a few recommendations to consider:

• Dietary Regimen: In most cases, the CA-125 blood test can be taken either on an empty stomach or after eating. However, in some situations (such as during a comprehensive biochemical blood analysis), you may need to fast for 8-12 hours before giving a blood sample.
• Avoiding Physical Exertion: Prior to the test, it is advisable to avoid intense physical activity, as it may affect the results of the analysis.
• Abstaining from Alcohol and Smoking: It is recommended to refrain from consuming alcohol and smoking for a day before the test, as these activities can influence the CA-125 level and other blood parameters.
• Maintaining Hydration: Maintaining proper hydration levels is important to facilitate the blood draw process. Inadequate fluid intake can make the venipuncture procedure more difficult.
• Informing the Doctor about Medication: Certain medications may affect the CA-125 level and other blood parameters. Therefore, it is crucial to inform the doctor about all medications you are taking.

The Analysis Procedure

The blood draw for the CA-125 analysis is typically performed from a vein in the antecubital fossa (the area on the inside of the elbow). The procedure takes a few minutes and is carried out by a medical professional. After the venipuncture, some minor bleeding or bruising may occur, which usually resolves on its own within a few days.

Sources:

https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/ca-125-test/about/pac-20393295#:~:text=A%20CA%20125%20test%20measures,high%20risk%20of%20the%20disease.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1955175/
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ca-125-blood-test-ovarian-cancer/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK562245/
https://cancer.ca/en/treatments/tests-and-procedures/cancer-antigen-125-ca-125

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided here is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience pain or an exacerbation of a condition, it is essential to seek medical attention for diagnostic testing. Only a qualified healthcare professional can make an accurate diagnosis and determine appropriate treatment. To obtain the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them performed at the same laboratory. This is because different laboratories may use different methods and units of measurement for similar tests.