Viral hepatitis D antigen, HDV Ag

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HDV Ag

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

HDV Ag, also known as the Hepatitis D Virus Antigen, is a marker for the presence of the Hepatitis D Virus (HDV) in the body. HDV is a unique virus that can only infect individuals who are already infected with the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV). HDV requires the presence of HBV to replicate and spread, making it a "defective" virus.

The Role of HDV Ag

The HDV Ag is a protein produced by the HDV during its replication cycle. When present in the blood, it indicates an active HDV infection. HDV causes more severe liver disease than HBV alone, and co-infection with HDV and HBV can lead to more rapid progression of liver disease, including an increased risk of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (liver cancer).

Table 1: HDV Ag and its implications

HDV Ag	Interpretation
Positive	Indicates an active HDV infection, often in the presence of HBV co-infection.
Negative	No evidence of HDV infection, but HBV infection may still be present.

The detection of HDV Ag is crucial for identifying individuals who are at risk of developing severe liver disease and monitoring the effectiveness of antiviral treatment. However, it is important to note that the interpretation of HDV Ag results should be done in conjunction with other relevant clinical information and under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional.

Role of HDV Ag

The Hepatitis D virus antigen (HDV Ag) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection. HDV is a defective virus that requires the Hepatitis B virus (HBV) for its replication and spread. The detection of HDV Ag in the blood indicates an active HDV infection.

Indications for HDV Ag Testing

HDV Ag testing is recommended in the following situations:

Diagnosis of HDV infection: The presence of HDV Ag in the blood confirms an active HDV infection, particularly in individuals who are also infected with HBV.
Monitoring of HDV infection: HDV Ag levels can be monitored during treatment to assess the response to antiviral therapy and evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment regimen.
Screening in high-risk populations: Individuals at high risk for HDV infection, such as intravenous drug users, individuals with multiple sexual partners, or those from endemic regions, may be screened for HDV Ag.
Co-infection with HBV: HDV Ag testing may be performed in patients with chronic HBV infection to assess the presence of an HDV co-infection, as HDV can lead to more severe liver disease and accelerate the progression of liver damage.

Preparation for the Test Procedure

The procedure for collecting a blood sample to determine HDV Ag levels is generally straightforward and does not require extensive preparation. However, there are a few recommendations to consider:

Dietary Considerations: In most cases, you can provide a blood sample for HDV Ag testing without fasting. However, for some comprehensive tests, you may be advised to fast for 8-12 hours before the blood draw.
Avoiding Physical Exertion: It is recommended to avoid strenuous physical activities on the day before the test, as it can potentially affect the test results.
Abstaining from Alcohol and Smoking: Refrain from consuming alcohol and smoking for at least 24 hours before the test, as these can influence the levels of certain analytes in the blood.
Maintaining Hydration: Adequate hydration is important to facilitate the blood draw process. Dehydration can make it more difficult to locate a suitable vein for venipuncture.
Informing about Medications: Certain medications can interfere with the test results. It is essential to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking.

Test Procedure

The blood sample for HDV Ag testing is typically collected from a vein in the arm, usually at the bend of the elbow. The procedure is performed by a trained healthcare professional and takes only a few minutes. After the venipuncture, you may experience minor bleeding or bruising at the site, which should resolve within a few days.

About the HDV Ag Test

The HDV Ag test is used to detect the presence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) antigen in the blood. It is typically performed in conjunction with other tests for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, as HDV requires the presence of HBV for replication and can lead to more severe liver disease in those with chronic HBV infection.

The HDV Ag test is a serological assay that measures the level of HDV antigen in the bloodstream. It is used to confirm an active HDV infection, monitor the course of the infection, and assess the response to treatment.

Sources:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6508/
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/immunology-and-microbiology/hepatitis-delta-antigen
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513490/

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any symptoms or a flare-up of a condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for diagnostic testing and appropriate treatment. Only a qualified specialist can provide an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment. To ensure the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them performed at the same laboratory. Different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.