Aspartate aminotransferase, AST

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

AST, or aspartate aminotransferase, is an enzyme found primarily in the liver, heart, skeletal muscles, kidneys, and brain. It plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids, particularly in the transfer of an amino group from aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate, a step in the citric acid cycle.

Structure and Functions of AST

AST is a dimeric protein composed of two identical subunits. Each subunit contains an active site responsible for catalyzing the transfer of amino groups between amino acids and alpha-keto acids. The enzyme is involved in various metabolic processes, including the breakdown of proteins, energy production, and the regulation of amino acid levels in the body.

AST is present in various tissues, but its highest concentrations are found in the liver and heart. When these organs are damaged or diseased, AST can leak into the bloodstream, leading to elevated levels in blood tests. However, it's important to note that AST levels alone cannot provide a specific diagnosis, and further testing may be required to determine the underlying cause.

Role of AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase)

AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase), also known as SGOT (Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase), is an enzyme found in various tissues of the body, particularly in the liver, heart, skeletal muscles, and kidneys. AST plays a crucial role in the metabolism of amino acids and is often used as a biomarker for liver and muscle disorders.

Indications for AST Test

The AST test is typically ordered in the following situations:

• Evaluation of liver function: Elevated AST levels may indicate liver damage or disease, such as hepatitis, cirrhosis, or liver injury caused by alcohol or certain medications.
• Monitoring liver disease progression: AST levels can be used to monitor the progression of liver diseases and assess the effectiveness of treatment.
• Diagnosis of muscle disorders: High AST levels can be associated with muscle injury or diseases like muscular dystrophy or polymyositis.
• Evaluation of heart disorders: Elevated AST levels may be observed in cases of heart attack or myocardial infarction, as the enzyme can leak from damaged heart muscle cells.

Preparation for the Procedure

Preparing for an AST (Aspartate Aminotransferase) blood test is relatively straightforward, and no special measures are required. However, there are a few recommendations to consider:

• Fasting: In most cases, you can have the AST test performed whether you're fasting or not. However, if the test is part of a comprehensive metabolic panel, you may need to fast for 8-12 hours before the blood draw.
• Avoiding physical exertion: Strenuous physical activity should be avoided prior to the test, as it can potentially affect the results.
• Refraining from alcohol and smoking: It's recommended to abstain from alcohol and smoking for at least 24 hours before the test, as these substances can influence AST levels and other blood markers.
• Maintaining hydration: Adequate hydration is important to facilitate the blood draw process. Dehydration can make it harder to locate a suitable vein for venipuncture.
• Informing about medications: Certain medications can affect AST levels, so it's essential to inform your healthcare provider about any drugs you're taking, including over-the-counter and herbal supplements.

The Procedure

The AST blood test typically involves drawing blood from a vein in your arm, usually in the crease of the elbow. The procedure is quick and performed by a trained phlebotomist or healthcare professional. After the venipuncture, you may experience slight bleeding or bruising at the site, which should resolve within a few days.

Sources:

https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/aspartate_aminotransferse-test
https://www.verywellhealth.com/ast-sgot-8411027
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/320982
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_transaminase
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/ast-test/
https://www.healthline.com/health/ast
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/22147-aspartate-transferase-ast

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any symptoms or worsening of a condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Only a qualified medical professional can accurately diagnose and prescribe appropriate treatment. To ensure the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have the tests performed at the same laboratory, as different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.