CYFRA 21-1

Cyfra 21-1

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

Cyfra 21-1 is a tumor marker that is often used in the diagnosis and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is a fragment of the cytokeratin 19 protein, which is a structural protein found in epithelial cells, including many types of cancer cells.

Structure and Function of Cyfra 21-1

Cyfra 21-1 is a soluble fragment of cytokeratin 19, which is released into the bloodstream when cancer cells undergo processes such as cell death or proliferation. The presence of elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1 in the blood can indicate the presence of NSCLC or other types of epithelial-derived cancers.

Table 1: Composition of Cyfra 21-1

Cyfra 21-1 levels can be useful in monitoring the response to treatment and detecting recurrence in patients with NSCLC. However, it is important to note that elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1 can also be found in other types of cancer and certain non-cancerous conditions, such as inflammation or kidney disease.

Role of Cyfra 21-1 in Diagnostics

Cyfra 21-1 is a tumor marker that is commonly used in the diagnosis and monitoring of various types of cancers, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1 can indicate the presence of cancer cells and can be useful in assessing the extent and progression of the disease.

Indications for Cyfra 21-1 Testing

The Cyfra 21-1 test may be ordered in the following situations:

• Diagnosis and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Cyfra 21-1 levels can help detect the presence of NSCLC and monitor the effectiveness of treatment or the recurrence of the disease.
• Monitoring of other types of cancers: While primarily used for NSCLC, elevated levels of Cyfra 21-1 may also be seen in other cancers, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and colorectal cancer.
• Assessment of cancer treatment response: Cyfra 21-1 levels can be monitored during and after cancer treatment to evaluate the effectiveness of the therapy and detect any potential recurrence.
• Screening for lung cancer in high-risk individuals: In some cases, Cyfra 21-1 testing may be used as a screening tool for lung cancer in individuals with a high risk of developing the disease, such as heavy smokers or those with a family history of lung cancer.

Preparation for the Cyfra 21-1 Test

The preparation for the Cyfra 21-1 test is relatively straightforward and does not require any special measures. However, there are a few recommendations to keep in mind:

• Dietary Regimen: In most cases, the Cyfra 21-1 test can be taken whether fasting or after eating. However, in some situations (e.g., during a comprehensive biochemical blood test), you may be required to fast for 8-12 hours before the blood draw.
• Avoiding Physical Exertion: It is advisable to avoid intense physical activities on the day before the test, as they may affect the test results.
• Abstaining from Alcohol and Smoking: Refrain from consuming alcohol and smoking for at least a day before the test, as these activities can influence the test results.
• Maintaining Hydration: Adequate hydration is essential to facilitate the blood draw procedure. Dehydration may make it more difficult to locate a suitable vein for the venipuncture.
• Informing the Healthcare Provider about Medications: Certain medications may affect the test results. It is crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Test Procedure

The blood draw for the Cyfra 21-1 test is typically done from a vein in the arm, usually the one located in the bend of the elbow. The procedure takes a few minutes and is performed by a trained medical professional. After the venipuncture, you may experience minor bleeding or bruising, which typically resolves within a few days.

Cyfra 21-1 Analysis

Cyfra 21-1 is a tumor marker used for the detection and monitoring of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is a part of a broader panel of tests that may include other tumor markers, imaging studies, and biopsies. The test measures the levels of the Cyfra 21-1 protein in the blood, which can be elevated in the presence of certain types of cancer.

The analysis is performed on a blood sample, typically using immunoassay techniques such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA). The results are reported in units of nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL) or micrograms per liter (μg/L). Cyfra 21-1 levels may help in the early detection, prognosis assessment, and treatment response monitoring for NSCLC patients, but it should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and tests.

Sources:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3506225/
https://journal.chestnet.org/article/S0012-3692(16)38611-1/fulltext
https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/almed-2020-0005/html
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1724600819868234
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5354811/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541770/
https://arupconsult.com/ati/cyfra-21-1-cytokeratin-19-fragment-lung-cancer

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any symptoms or exacerbation of a condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnostic tests and treatment. Only a qualified specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment plan. To obtain the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them conducted at the same laboratory, as different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.