Sex hormone-binding globulin, SHBG

SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin)

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SHBG (Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin) is a protein produced primarily by the liver that binds to the sex hormones testosterone and estradiol in the bloodstream. It plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and activity of these hormones in the body.

Structure and Functions of SHBG

SHBG is a homodimeric glycoprotein composed of two identical subunits. Each subunit is capable of binding to one molecule of testosterone or estradiol. The binding of these hormones to SHBG helps to regulate their distribution and metabolism in the body.

When bound to SHBG, the sex hormones are rendered biologically inactive and cannot interact with their target receptors. This bound fraction of hormones serves as a circulating reservoir, ensuring a steady supply of these hormones to the tissues. SHBG also prolongs the half-life of the hormones in the bloodstream, maintaining their homeostasis.

Role of SHBG

Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) is a protein produced primarily by the liver. It plays a crucial role in regulating the bioavailability and activity of sex hormones, such as testosterone and estradiol, in the body. SHBG binds to these hormones, transporting them in the bloodstream and regulating their free, biologically active forms.

Indications for SHBG Testing

The measurement of SHBG levels is useful in the evaluation of various conditions related to hormonal imbalances and reproductive health. SHBG testing may be recommended in the following situations:

• Evaluation of hormonal disorders: SHBG levels can provide insights into conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), hirsutism, and hormonal imbalances in women, as well as hypogonadism and androgen excess disorders in men.
• Assessment of fertility and reproductive function: SHBG levels can influence the bioavailability of sex hormones, which play a crucial role in reproductive health and fertility.
• Monitoring of hormone replacement therapy: In individuals undergoing hormone replacement therapy, SHBG levels may be monitored to assess the effectiveness and adjust the treatment regimen.
• Evaluation of metabolic disorders: Conditions like insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes can affect SHBG levels, and testing may aid in the management of these metabolic disorders.

Preparation for the Procedure

No special preparation is typically required for the SHBG blood test. However, it's recommended to inform your healthcare provider about any medications you're taking, as some drugs can affect SHBG levels.

The Procedure

The SHBG test is a simple blood draw, usually from a vein in your arm. The procedure takes only a few minutes and is performed by a trained medical professional. After the blood draw, you may experience minor bruising or discomfort at the site, which should resolve within a few days.

Sources:

https://labs.selfdecode.com/blog/sex-hormone-binding-globulin/
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/shbg-blood-test/
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?ContentTypeID=167&ContentID=shbg_blood
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-sex-hormone-binding-globulin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_hormone-binding_globulin
https://www.healthline.com/health/low-shbg
https://labs.selfdecode.com/blog/sex-hormone-binding-globulin-shbg/

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided here is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any symptoms or exacerbation of a condition, it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Only a qualified specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriate treatment. For the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them performed at the same laboratory, as different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.