Immunoglobulin G, IgG

IgG

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the human body's immune response. It is the most abundant and versatile antibody in the blood, accounting for approximately 75-80% of all antibodies in the human body.

Structure and Functions of IgG

IgG is a large, Y-shaped protein molecule composed of four polypeptide chains – two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are linked together by disulfide bonds, forming a sturdy and flexible structure. The IgG molecule has two distinct regions: the variable region, which binds specifically to antigens, and the constant region, which interacts with various immune cells and proteins.

IgG has several important functions in the immune system, including:

• Neutralizing toxins and viruses by binding to them and preventing their entry into cells
• Opsonizing pathogens, marking them for destruction by phagocytic cells
• Activating the complement system, a cascade of proteins that aid in the elimination of pathogens
• Providing long-lasting immunity through the formation of immunological memory

Role of IgG

Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody that plays a crucial role in the immune system's response to pathogens and foreign substances. IgG is the most abundant antibody in human blood and tissues, and it is responsible for many important functions.

Indications for IgG Testing

IgG testing is commonly ordered in various clinical scenarios to assess immune function and diagnose certain conditions. Some indications for IgG testing include:

• Evaluation of immune deficiencies: IgG levels can be measured to detect or monitor primary or secondary immunodeficiencies, which may increase susceptibility to infections.
• Diagnosis of autoimmune disorders: Elevated levels of specific IgG antibodies can indicate the presence of autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or celiac disease.
• Assessment of vaccination response: IgG levels can be tested to determine the effectiveness of vaccinations and the need for booster shots.
• Monitoring of certain infections: IgG levels may be checked to assess the immune response to infections like viral hepatitis, HIV, or cytomegalovirus (CMV).

Preparation for the IgG Test Procedure

The procedure for drawing blood to determine IgG levels is relatively simple and does not require special preparation measures. However, there are a few recommendations to consider:

• Dietary Regimen: In most cases, the IgG blood test can be taken either fasting or after eating. However, in certain situations (e.g., during a comprehensive biochemical blood test), an 8-12 hour fast before the blood draw may be required.
• Avoiding Physical Exertion: It is advisable to avoid intense physical activity on the day before the test, as it may affect the results.
• Abstaining from Alcohol and Smoking: It is recommended to abstain from consuming alcohol and smoking on the day before the test, as these can influence IgG levels and other blood parameters.
• Maintaining Hydration: Maintaining adequate hydration is essential for facilitating the blood draw process. Insufficient fluid intake can make the venipuncture procedure more challenging.
• Informing Your Doctor about Medications: Certain medications may affect IgG levels and other blood parameters. It is crucial to inform your doctor about all medications you are taking.

The IgG Test Procedure

Blood for the IgG test is typically drawn from a vein in the antecubital fossa (the area of the elbow bend). The procedure takes a few minutes and is performed by a healthcare professional. After the venipuncture, minor bleeding or bruising may occur, which typically resolves on its own within a few days.

Sources:

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/igg-deficiencies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoglobulin_G
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/immunoglobulin-g-antibody

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any symptoms or a flare-up of a condition, it is essential to consult a doctor for proper diagnostic tests and treatment. Only a qualified healthcare professional can accurately diagnose and determine the appropriate treatment plan. To ensure the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have the tests performed at the same laboratory. This is because different laboratories may use different methods and units of measurement for similar tests.