Subcutaneous injection

Subcutaneous Injection

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A subcutaneous injection, also known as a sub-q injection or subcutaneous shot, is a method of administering medication into the subcutaneous tissue, which is the layer of fat and connective tissue between the skin and muscle. This type of injection is commonly used for medications that are designed to be absorbed slowly into the bloodstream over an extended period.

Technique and Administration

To administer a subcutaneous injection, a short needle (usually between 5/8 and 1 inch in length) is inserted at a 45-degree angle into the subcutaneous tissue, typically in areas such as the abdomen, upper arm, or thigh. The medication is then injected slowly into the subcutaneous space, allowing it to be gradually absorbed into the bloodstream.

Subcutaneous injections are generally considered safer and easier to administer than intramuscular or intravenous injections, as the subcutaneous tissue is less vascular and less sensitive to pain. However, it is important to follow proper injection techniques to minimize the risk of complications such as bruising, bleeding, or infection.

Subcutaneous injections are commonly used for medications such as insulin, certain hormones, and some types of vaccines. It is important to follow the specific instructions provided by a healthcare professional for the administration and disposal of subcutaneous injections.

Role of Subcutaneous Injection

Subcutaneous injection is a method of administering medications and other substances into the subcutaneous tissue layer, which lies between the skin and muscle. This route of administration is commonly used for various medications, hormones, and fluids that require slower absorption into the bloodstream compared to intravenous or intramuscular injections.

Indications for Subcutaneous Injection

Subcutaneous injections are indicated in several circumstances, including:

• Administration of insulin for diabetic patients: Subcutaneous injections are the primary route for delivering insulin to manage blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes.
• Delivery of hormones and medications: Certain hormones, such as fertility medications or growth hormones, are often administered subcutaneously for sustained release into the body.
• Immunizations and allergy shots: Some vaccines and allergy immunotherapy are given subcutaneously to stimulate an appropriate immune response.
• Pain management: Certain pain medications, like opioids or anti-inflammatory drugs, can be administered subcutaneously for controlled release and improved absorption.
• Hydration therapy: In cases where intravenous access is difficult or not required, subcutaneous fluids may be given for hydration purposes, especially in palliative care settings.

Preparation for Subcutaneous Injection

Subcutaneous injections require some preparation to ensure proper administration and minimize complications. Here are some recommendations:

• Hygiene: Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water before handling the injection supplies. Ensure the injection site is clean and free from dirt or debris.
• Medication preparation: Check the medication for expiration date, dosage, and appearance. Follow the instructions carefully and consult with a healthcare professional if you have any doubts.
• Site selection: Choose an appropriate injection site, typically on the abdomen, outer thigh, or upper arm. Rotate injection sites to prevent tissue damage and lipohypertrophy (fatty lumps under the skin).
• Skin preparation: Clean the injection site with an alcohol swab and allow it to dry completely before injecting.
• Supplies: Gather all necessary supplies, including the medication vial or pen, syringes (if required), alcohol swabs, and a container for safe disposal of sharps.

Subcutaneous Injection Procedure

The procedure for administering a subcutaneous injection involves the following steps:

1. Wash your hands and prepare the injection site as described above.
2. Remove the needle cap and gently pinch the skin at the injection site between your thumb and forefinger.
3. Insert the needle at a 45-90 degree angle into the pinched skin area.
4. Release the pinched skin and slowly inject the medication by pushing the plunger down.
5. After injecting the full dose, remove the needle and apply gentle pressure with a cotton ball or gauze pad to prevent bleeding.
6. Properly dispose of the needle and other sharps in a designated container.

Sources:

https://health.clevelandclinic.org/subcutaneous-injection
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322710
https://www.hopkinsarthritis.org/patient-corner/how-to-give-a-subcutaneous-injection/
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000430.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_administration
https://www.healthline.com/health/subcutaneous-injection
https://www.drugs.com/cg/how-to-give-a-subcutaneous-injection.html

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any pain or exacerbation of a condition, it is essential to consult a doctor for diagnostic testing and appropriate treatment. Only a qualified healthcare professional can make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate course of treatment. To ensure the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them conducted at the same laboratory. This is because different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.