Profile of IgG-antibodies to gliadin, tTG, ASCA, parietal cells, intrinsic factor

Tissue Transglutaminase (tTg)

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

Tissue transglutaminase (tTg) is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including wound healing, apoptosis (programmed cell death), and the formation of cross-links between proteins. It is found in various tissues, such as the liver, intestine, and blood vessels.

Structure and Functions of Tissue Transglutaminase

Tissue transglutaminase is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the formation of isopeptide bonds between glutamine and lysine residues in proteins. This cross-linking process helps stabilize protein structures and contributes to the formation of insoluble protein complexes, which are essential for various biological processes.

One of the primary functions of tissue transglutaminase is its role in the wound healing process. During tissue injury, tTg is released and participates in the formation of a fibrin clot, which helps stop bleeding and initiates the repair process.

Tissue transglutaminase also plays a role in the regulation of apoptosis, a process of programmed cell death. It can modify certain proteins involved in apoptosis, influencing their activity and contributing to the regulation of this important cellular process.

The Role of TTG in Diagnostics

Tissue transglutaminase (TTG) is an enzyme involved in various physiological processes, including inflammation, wound healing, and autoimmune disorders. The measurement of TTG levels in the blood plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of celiac disease, an autoimmune condition that affects the small intestine.

Indications for TTG Testing

TTG testing is recommended for individuals presenting with symptoms suggestive of celiac disease, such as chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, and fatigue. It is also ordered for individuals with a family history of celiac disease or other autoimmune disorders. The test can help confirm the diagnosis of celiac disease and guide appropriate dietary and treatment interventions.

• Suspected celiac disease: TTG testing is a reliable screening tool for individuals with symptoms or risk factors for celiac disease. Elevated TTG levels strongly suggest the presence of the condition.
• Monitoring response to a gluten-free diet: In individuals diagnosed with celiac disease, TTG levels can be monitored to assess the effectiveness of a gluten-free diet in reducing intestinal inflammation and damage.
• Screening for celiac disease in high-risk groups: TTG testing may be recommended for individuals with autoimmune disorders, such as type 1 diabetes or thyroid disorders, as they have an increased risk of developing celiac disease.

Preparation for the Test Procedure

The preparation for a TTG (Tissue Transglutaminase Antibodies) test is relatively simple and does not require any special measures. However, there are a few recommendations to keep in mind:

• Diet: You can take the TTG test after fasting or after a meal. However, in some cases (e.g., during a comprehensive blood test), fasting for 8-12 hours before the test may be required.
• Physical Activity: It is recommended to avoid intense physical activity on the day before the test, as it may affect the test results.
• Alcohol and Smoking: Abstain from alcohol consumption and smoking for at least one day before the test, as these activities may influence the test results.
• Hydration: Maintain proper hydration levels to facilitate the blood draw process. Dehydration may make it more difficult to draw blood.
• Medication: Inform your healthcare provider about any medications you are taking, as some drugs may affect the test results.

Test Procedure

The TTG test involves drawing a small amount of blood from a vein, typically in the arm's bend area. The procedure is performed by a trained medical professional and takes only a few minutes. After the blood draw, minor bleeding or bruising may occur, which should resolve within a few days.

Sources:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23293933/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_cell
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7327232/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliadin#:~:text=Gliadin%20(a%20type%20of%20prolamin,to%20rise%20properly%20during%20baking.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5899726/

IMPORTANT!

It is very important to remember that the information in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience pain or a flare-up of a condition, you should seek medical attention and a qualified healthcare provider for diagnostic tests and proper treatment. Only a qualified specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and determine appropriate treatment. For the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them performed at the same laboratory, as different laboratories may use different methods and units of measurement for similar tests.