Protein C

Protein C

We remind you that independent interpretation of the results is unacceptable, the information provided below is for reference purposes only.

Protein C is a vital protein involved in the regulation of blood clotting. It is a naturally occurring anticoagulant produced by the liver and plays a crucial role in preventing excessive blood clotting, thereby maintaining a delicate balance between clotting and bleeding.

Structure and Functions of Protein C

Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that circulates in the bloodstream as an inactive precursor. When activated by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex, it becomes an active serine protease called Activated Protein C (APC). APC, in combination with its cofactor Protein S, inactivates two key clotting factors, Factor Va and Factor VIIIa, thereby inhibiting further thrombin generation and preventing excessive clot formation.

Table 1: Protein C and its Components

Activated Protein C not only inhibits clot formation but also promotes fibrinolysis, the process of breaking down existing blood clots. This dual action contributes to maintaining a balanced coagulation system, preventing both excessive clotting and excessive bleeding.

Role of Protein C

Protein C is an important component of the blood coagulation system, playing a crucial role in regulating blood clotting. It acts as a natural anticoagulant, helping to prevent excessive clot formation and maintain normal blood flow.

Indications for Protein C Testing

Protein C testing is often recommended in the following situations:

• Evaluation of bleeding disorders: Low levels of Protein C can increase the risk of abnormal blood clotting and thrombotic events, such as deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism.
• Monitoring treatment of thrombotic disorders: Patients receiving anticoagulant therapy may require regular Protein C testing to ensure appropriate dosing and effectiveness of treatment.
• Screening for inherited disorders: Certain genetic conditions, like Protein C deficiency, can increase the risk of thrombosis and may necessitate testing for proper diagnosis and management.
• Evaluation of liver function: Since Protein C is produced by the liver, testing its levels can help assess liver function and detect liver-related disorders.

Preparation for the Protein C Analysis Procedure

The procedure for a blood test to determine the Protein C level is relatively simple and does not require special preparation. However, there are a few recommendations to consider:

• Dietary regimen: In most cases, a blood test for Protein C can be performed while fasting or after a meal. However, in some situations (e.g., during a comprehensive biochemical blood analysis), you may need to fast for 8-12 hours before the blood draw.
• Avoiding physical exertion: It is recommended to avoid intense physical activity on the day before the test, as it may affect the results.
• Avoiding alcohol and smoking: Abstain from alcohol and smoking for a day before the test, as these can influence the Protein C level and other blood parameters.
• Maintaining hydration: Adequate hydration is essential for facilitating the blood draw procedure. Insufficient fluid intake may make the venipuncture procedure more difficult.
• Informing about medication intake: Certain medications may affect the Protein C level and other blood parameters. Inform your healthcare provider about all medications you are taking.

Protein C Analysis Procedure

The blood draw for a Protein C analysis is typically performed from a vein in the arm's bend. The procedure takes a few minutes and is carried out by a healthcare professional. After the venipuncture, you may experience minor bleeding or bruising, which usually resolves within a few days.

Calculation and Importance

The protein C test is typically performed as part of a coagulation panel or thrombophilia evaluation. It measures the activity or concentration of protein C in the blood plasma. Protein C is a natural anticoagulant produced by the liver, and its primary function is to regulate the blood clotting process by inactivating two important clotting factors, factor Va and factor VIIIa.

The test can be done using different methods, such as chromogenic assays or clotting assays. The results are usually reported as a percentage of normal activity or concentration. Protein C deficiency can be inherited or acquired, and it increases the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Monitoring protein C levels is crucial in the management of conditions associated with an increased risk of thrombosis.

Sources:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_C
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557814/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542222/
https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/protein-c-and-protein-s-tests/

IMPORTANT!

It is crucial to remember that the information provided in this section is not intended for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. If you experience any symptoms or a worsening of a condition, it is essential to consult a qualified healthcare professional for proper diagnostic tests and appropriate treatment. Only a qualified specialist can make an accurate diagnosis and determine the appropriate treatment plan. To obtain the most accurate and consistent evaluation of test results, it is recommended to have them performed at the same laboratory, as different laboratories may use varying methods and units of measurement for similar tests.