Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) cytology
5 days Cytological examination of red bone marrow aspirate (myelogram) is a microscopic examination of smears prepared from a bone marrow aspirate obtained by sternal puncture. The test allows evaluation of the cellular composition of the bone marrow, determination of the percentage distribution of hematopoietic cells at different stages of maturation, and identification of changes characteristic of hematological disorders.
Indications
- cytopenia or pancytopenia of unknown origin;
- unexplained leukocytosis, thrombocytosis, or erythrocytosis;
- detection of blasts or other atypical cells in peripheral blood;
- suspected acute or chronic leukemia;
- suspected myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative disorder;
- suspected bone marrow hypoplasia or aplasia;
- disorders of erythroid or granulocytic cell maturation;
- monitoring of hematological diseases and assessment of treatment response;
- other indications as determined by a hematologist.
Procedure
The biological specimen for this test is a red bone marrow aspirate obtained by sternal puncture, which is performed as a separate procedure.
Following specimen collection, smears are prepared, air-dried, stained using special stains, and examined under a microscope. The laboratory physician evaluates the cellular composition of the bone marrow, the proportion of different cellular elements, and their maturation characteristics. The results are interpreted in conjunction with clinical findings and other laboratory investigations.
Advantages
- evaluation of bone marrow cellular composition;
- assessment of the distribution of hematopoietic cells at different stages of maturation;
- detection of blasts and other pathological changes;
- supports the diagnosis of hematological disorders;
- enables monitoring of disease progression and treatment effectiveness;
- an important component of a comprehensive hematological evaluation.
Medical sources:
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7114821/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK603716/
https://www.ovid.com/jnls/antp/fulltext/10.4103/atp.atp_15_20~indications-and-diagnostic-utility-of-bone-marrow-aspiration
https://www.islh.org/web/downloads/ICSH_Standards/ICSH_Guidelines_for_Bone_Marrow_Lee_Oct_2008.pdf
Preparation:
No special preparation is required for the laboratory test. Preparation for the sternal puncture procedure is determined individually by the physician.
Before the procedure, inform your physician about:
- the use of anticoagulants or antiplatelet medications;
- increased bleeding tendency;
- allergy to local anesthetics;
- ongoing hematological or oncological treatment;
- recent blood transfusions;
- use of hematopoietic growth factors.
For proper interpretation of the results, it is recommended to provide a recent complete blood count (CBC) and relevant clinical information.
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